Of course abortion won't go away. Nor do I think those opposing abortion ever expected that it would. I think dubious conversion therapy aside, they have always known that you can't legislate an end to homosexuality or transgendered, or unmarried women having sex and becoming pregnant.
What I believe they sought was official government condemnation of these things which their religion is telling them are wrong, even heinous. They want a return to the 1950s when government reinforced the teaching of their religious views, when we had prayer in school, and the Christian religion clearly supported in government buildings and the public square. They want official recognition that their beliefs are the proper, appropriate American beliefs. The 1950s were a time of implicit and explicit de jure white, Christian, male preference. This is what is meant by 'traditional values'. There are gays, but society at large and the government has forced them to cower in closets. There are abortions, but they are illegal and highly risky.
Conservative priests and ministers were very politically vocal this election. It seemed to me a lot more explicitly than during the past couple decades.
This election was also a last gasp pushback by conservative white America against the inexorably changing demographics.
Yes, there is a lot of economic pain still remaining from the Great Recession and banking collapse, but I think this was more a cultural election than an economic or foreign affairs election.
Clinton was almost a uniquely bad candidate for this cycle -- dull, dynastic, determinedly status quo, neocon on foreign policy, secretive, greedy, and entitled.
As you say, there are many dangers ahead. Too many people were too angry to care. They were willing to take very large risk to shake everything up in the hope that almost chaotic change might produce something better for them and theirs.
Clinton had both the Democratic and Republican foreign policy and national defense establishment lined up behind her. The people rejected both establishments.